Australian irrigated lint yields are now the highest of any major cotton producing country in the world, being about three times the world average. Most of the irrigation is done via syphoning the water from the channel on to the rows in 8 to 12 or 24 hr cycle or through the channel banks, with “gates " to better control water flow into furrows. About two months after planting, flower buds appear on the cotton plants. In another three weeks, the blossoms open. Their petals change from creamy white to yellow, then pink and finally, dark red. After three days, they wither and fall, leaving green pods which are called cotton bolls.
Inside the boll, which is shaped like a tiny football, moist fibers grow and push out from the newly formed seeds. As the boll ripens, it turns brown. The fibers continue to expand under the warm sun. Finally, they split the boll apart and the fluffy cotton bursts forth looking like white cotton candy.
The crop is harvested by machines, either a Picker or a Stripper.
Cotton Pickers have spindles that pick (twist) the cotton seed from the burrs that are attached to plants’ stems. Doffers then remove the cotton seed from the spindles and knock the seed into the conveying system.
Cotton Stripers have rollers or brushes that dislodge the entire boll from the plant, including leaves and stems.
All harvesting systems use air to convey and elevate the cotton seed into a module-building mechanism that roll the cotton into a round shape(bale)
Once the bale is formed, it's covered in a purpose-made plastic wrap, which helps to protect the cotton and maintain its shape. The finished bale is then ejected from the harvester.